The"Five-Color View"of Chinese painting contains profound traditional cultural background and unique color philosophy,and is of great significance for constructing cultural identity in contemporary aesthetic education.This article starts from the theoretical origin,analyzes the cultural origin of the five-color system,the color connotation of the Five Elements philosophy and the aesthetic paradigm of painting and calligraphy,and explores its compatibility with contemporary aesthetic education in aspects such as emotional education,aesthetic enlightenment and thinking cultivation.At the same time,it points out the current predicaments under the connection of traditional and modern color systems,the inheritance of professional teaching,and the impact of digital art,and specifically proposes the construction paths of integration,innovation and reform. Through the analysis of specific cases,verify the practical effectiveness of the"Five-Color View"in promoting cultural identity in contemporary aesthetic education,and provide new perspectives and ideas for the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture.