This study centers on the modern reinterpretation of traditional colors. It first clarifies the conceptual framework and interplay between visual art design and cultural symbols, while analyzing the semantic formation mechanisms of traditional colors as cultural markers. Subsequently, it conducts a systematic semiotic analysis of cultural symbols in visual art design. Finally, through contemporary design case studies, it proposes actionable strategies for modernizing traditional color interpretations. The research aims to provide theoretical foundations for innovatively applying traditional cultural symbols in visual art design, fostering deeper integration between traditional culture and modern design, and achieving dual enhancement of cultural and aesthetic values.