The widespread application of digital media has reshaped the creative logic and dissemination methods of graphic visual design, transforming color presentation from the static and fixed mode of traditional print media to the dynamic and variable characteristics in the digital environment. Focusing on the field of graphic visual design, this paper conducts a systematic exploration from three dimensions: the technical impact of digital media on color systems, the core principles of color design, and audience perception-oriented color optimization strategies. It constructs a theoretical framework and practical methodology for color design adapted to the digital context. This research not only provides precise guidance on color application for graphic visual designers in the digital era but also offers theoretical support and practical paradigms for promoting the innovative development of graphic visual design in the digital context.