Centering on the theoretical teaching of color contrast and harmony in high school art, a quantitative analysis framework is constructed through a three-dimensional color model to transform the contrast relationship among hue, lightness, and purity into operational parameter standards. Concrete teaching is carried out in combination with classic works such as "Sunflowers". At the same time, relying on the thematic creative context, a practical path of "color screening-framework construction-visual translation-dynamic correction" is constructed, and the parameter extraction of the traditional color system and the translation methods of modern design language are integrated to help students accurately master the core rules of contrast and harmony, and improve the accuracy of color practice and aesthetic expression ability.