Color perception can provide support for cultivating students' aesthetic ability, therefore, in primary school art teaching, it is necessary to cultivate students' color perception ability. Based on this, the article analyzes the importance of cultivating students' color perception ability in primary school art teaching, and proposes teaching strategies including creating gamified scenarios to stimulate students' interest in color cognition, improving students' color sensitivity through life observation training, and strengthening students' color cognition through systematic painting practice. The aim is to provide certain assistance for the development of aesthetic ability in middle school students.