In primary school art teaching, the teaching of the three elements of color is an important content, which can provide support for cultivating students' color perception ability. Therefore, in primary school art teaching, it is necessary to improve the teaching effect of the three elements of color. Based on this, the article analyzes the difficulties in teaching the three elements of color in primary school art teaching, and proposes breakthrough strategies including constructing an intuitive experiential teaching mode, building a gradient practice bridge, and implementing differentiated teaching design, aiming to provide certain assistance for improving the teaching effectiveness of the three elements of color.