Within the outstanding cultural system of China, Chinese painting is a very important and key component, carrying significant cultural connotations and value. Over time, Chinese painting itself has continuously developed and evolved. Among various elements undergoing evolution and innovation in paintings, the evolution and innovation of colors are particularly representative. Chinese painting colors not only possess strong traditional characteristics but also absorb the flexible and diverse features of modern colors, enabling Chinese painting to maintain vivid vitality in contemporary times. This has significant implications and value for the development of Chinese painting and the field of artistic creation. Therefore, this study aims to systematically explore and analyze the evolution and innovation of colors in Chinese painting from tradition to modernity, hoping to provide certain reference and value for the understanding of colors in Chinese painting.