Establishing itself in the visual arts domain with its translucent and elegant color character, the color aesthetics of watercolor painting not only carries the wisdom of light and shadow from Western painting but also harbors cross-cultural aesthetic resonance. In the cultural field of China, the localization evolution of watercolor painting has always been inseparable from the integration of color language and national cultural genes. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the multidimensional presentation and essence of the color aesthetics of watercolor painting, deeply explores the value connotation of the combination of color aesthetics and cultural inheritance in watercolor painting, and further explores the practical path of combining color aesthetics and cultural inheritance in watercolor painting from the perspectives of delving into cultural connotations, highlighting cultural conformity, and integrating contemporary innovation.