As a film genre centered on the director as the core creator, auteur cinema has broken through the traditional cinematic mode where color is subordinated to narration in its color treatment, and constructed a creative framework with both unique aesthetic expression and artistic recognizability. From three perspectives—the unique coding system of color symbols, the subjective laws of narration, and the diachronic inheritance of style—this paper, combined with case studies of important auteur films, interprets the individual construction logic of color aesthetics in auteur cinema. It also expounds on the way directors externalize their artistic will and conceptual systems into visual language by means of color symbols, and expands the cognitive dimension of the artistic characteristics of auteur cinema from an aesthetic perspective.