Chinese culture, with its long history and deep roots, has formed a rich and diverse traditional cultural system throughout the country's long-term construction and development process. To this day, excellent traditional culture continues to shine brightly, playing an important role and value in contemporary social and cultural construction, education, and many other aspects. Chinese traditional flower-and-bird painting is one of them. As an important component of the traditional painting system, Chinese traditional flower-and-bird painting possesses distinct color aesthetic characteristics and also plays an important role and value in the development of contemporary painting. The comprehensive use of brushwork and color arrangement makes the paintings present a unique charm and value, including implicitness, leaving blank spaces, etc. From a macro perspective, this is also of great significance and value to the development of Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, this study will explore and analyze the color aesthetic system of Chinese traditional flower-and-bird painting.