This paper explores theoretical and practical issues in watercolor landscape painting instruction from the perspective of integrating Chinese and Western techniques. Through analyzing and comparing the characteristics of traditional Chinese painting techniques and Western watercolor techniques, it identifies differences and complementary aspects in brushwork, color, light and shadow, and spatial representation. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes course structure design, teaching organization strategies, and classroom implementation methods. Through case studies and systematic evaluation, the research validates the effectiveness of integrating Eastern and Western techniques in enhancing students' technical mastery, aesthetic comprehension, and creative expression. Findings indicate that this integrated approach not only enriches classroom content and formats but also supports students' comprehensive artistic literacy development. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for theoretical development and pedagogical optimization in art education.