As the new era deepens the promotion of aesthetic education in schools, the techniques and color representation of flower and bird paintings, as an important language of traditional Chinese painting, hold significant value in permeating traditional culture into middle school art classes, enhancing students’ aesthetic literacy, and promoting their overall development. This paper provides an overview of flower and bird painting techniques and color representation, and analyzes their educational value in terms of enhancing students’ core aesthetic literacy, preserving traditional Chinese excellent culture, enriching the content and forms of middle school art aesthetic education, and promoting students’ comprehensive development. It then proposes specific strategies for integrating flower and bird painting techniques and color representations into teaching practice, with the aim of improving the quality of middle school art aesthetic education and enhancing students’ sense of national cultural identity and aesthetic awareness.