Traditional folk color elements contain rich aesthetic genes and cultural connotations, which can be used as highquality resources in primary school art teaching. In order to comprehensively enrich the content of primary school art teaching and effectively improve students' aesthetic and innovative abilities, this article conducts a series of analysis and research on the application of traditional folk color elements in primary school art teaching. The results indicate that adopting specific application strategies such as optimizing material development, strengthening teacher training, and innovating teaching models can not only promote the inheritance process of traditional folk culture, but also improve the quality and effectiveness of primary school art teaching, thereby promoting the achievement of high-quality development goals in primary school art teaching.