As the cornerstone of traditional Chinese medical theory, the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor) encompasses fundamental principles, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies, and remains a key text for understanding ancient Chinese medical thought. This paper takes its discourse on color as a point of departure, systematically tracing the internal logic of the “Five Phases-Five Colors” framework. It analyzes and categorizes textual references to “single colors” “compound colors” “simile-based colors” “seasonal colors” and “concurrent colors”, thereby revealing how ancient physicians constructed diagnostic and therapeutic mechanisms through color symbolism. Building on the classical notion of zhi wei bing (“treating disease before its onset”), the study further explores how the five auspicious “life-indicating colors” (shengse) in the Neijing can be translated into modern color paradigms. Finally, it attempts to introduce these colors into environmental and design experiments, enabling them to function as mediators of harmony in healthcare spaces and wellness communities. In doing so, the paper offers a pathway for transforming the wisdom of traditional medicine into contemporary practices of color-based healing.