Color perception ability is one of the core contents of junior high school art teaching. It plays a significant role in enhancing students' aesthetic ability and artistic literacy. It not only helps students grow comprehensively but also lays a solid foundation for their future artistic creation. This article expounds the significant importance of cultivating color perception ability in junior high school art teaching, summarizes the key contents involved in the cultivation of color perception ability, analyzes the existing problems in the cultivation of color perception ability in current junior high school art teaching, and proposes practical and feasible cultivation paths, aiming to enhance students' color perception ability and provide useful references for junior high school art color teaching.