Color, as one of the core perceptual elements in the medical environment, its design quality can affect users' emotions and medical efficiency. This study explores the scientific path of color design in hospital public spaces based on color harmony theory and aesthetic quantification model. Based on the color tone and principle of Montessori and the Berkhoff Beauty Value evaluation model, this study analyzes the color application rules of medical spaces using color data from 25 public spaces in hospitals in the Tianjin Beijing area. Combining the psychological characteristics of users and regional cultural factors, the sensory and rational elements in spatial color design are combined to provide reference for creating a medical space that combines functional and spiritual healing effects.