This paper focuses on the visual expression mechanism of color language in paper-cut art, and conducts research from three aspects: basic cognition, core mechanisms, and contemporary transformation. Firstly, it sorts out the constituent elements, cultural origins, and adaptability of materials and techniques of paper-cut colors, clarifying the logic of their traditional accumulation; then it analyzes the operation paths of the four core mechanisms of color contrast, symbolism, harmony, and composition, clarifying the inherent laws of visual expression; finally, it explores the scene expansion and innovative practices of contemporary paper-cut colors, analyzes the inheritance dilemmas, and puts forward optimization suggestions. The research aims to reveal the aesthetic value and cultural connotation of paper-cut color language, provide theoretical support for its contemporary transformation and inheritance, and enrich the research system of color expression in traditional folk art.