Through the classification of horse coat color in "Shuowenjiezi", this paper focuses on the red, black, white, yellow, green and five color systems. This paper reveals the fine naming logic of the ancients based on coat color and local features by analyzing the representative horse names such as "coat" "horse""Locke""horse" and their literature provenance. It is concluded that all kinds of horses are endowed with unique cultural symbols: red related hero Yongwu, black embodies etiquette, white symbolizes auspiciousness and holiness, yellow carries power and destiny, and cyan is metaphorical literati Qingyi. These classifications not only reflect the rigor of ancient zoological observation, but also construct a complete set of symbolic cognition through the interaction between color and etiquette, literature and philosophy.