Currently, the training of color observation ability in middle school art classrooms has not fully paid attention to students' cognitive patterns. Either students are directly required to do complex color application exercises, or basic color cognition guidance is not sufficient, which seriously affects the effectiveness of color teaching. The research mainly explores the method of conducting a step-by-step training of color observation ability in middle school art classrooms, aiming to help students improve their accuracy in observing colors and their ability to comprehensively use colors by planning the training content and steps reasonably.