Color sketching is a very important practical carrier in middle school art teaching activities, and its teaching effectiveness is related to the improvement of students' aesthetic literacy. To enhance the aesthetic literacy of junior high school students, this article conducts a series of analyses and research on the role of color sketching teaching activities in empowering junior high school students' aesthetic literacy. The results indicate that adopting innovative teaching paradigms, constructing diverse evaluations, integrating resource supply and other teaching strategies significantly improves the aesthetic literacy of junior high school students, thereby promoting the high-quality development goal of junior high school art education.