Chinese and Western painting have their own traditions in the concept of color and aesthetic pursuit. The integration of the two is an important topic to promote the innovation of modern traditional Chinese painting. This paper compares the differences and associations of the color systems of Chinese and Western paintings, expounds the significance of color fusion in expanding the expressive power of traditional Chinese painting, promoting aesthetic transformation and promoting cultural mutual learning. From the aspects of the introduction of light-color relationship, the combination of color composition concepts and cross-border experiments of material techniques, it discusses the practical path of Chinese and Western color integration in the creation of modern traditional Chinese painting, in order to provide reference for the innovative development of contemporary traditional Chinese painting.