保罗·塞尚作为后印象派核心人物、“现代绘画之父”，其1895 年至1906 年晚期肖像画标志西方绘画从传统再现 性绘画向现代结构式绘画的转型。本文以该时期肖像画作品为研究对象，从创作语境与色彩认知的转型为切入点，推论相关 作品何以形成色彩和谐性构建、色彩结构性表达、色彩情感性投射、笔触与色彩协同四条核心创作路径，以此为基础剖析其 绘画语言的色彩表现形态与价值。因此，塞尚作品中脱离具象模仿的独立造型、依托几何秩序的画面结构与承载主观情感的 表达功能的色彩表现路径，不仅推动了现代油画色彩语言的发展，对于色彩表现形态的理解与应用对后世艺术家影响深远。

As a key figure of Post-Impressionism and the "father of modern painting", Paul Cézanne’s late portraits created from 1895 to 1906 mark the transformation of Western painting from traditional representational art to modern structural painting. Taking his portraits of this period as the research object, this paper starts with the transformation of his creative context and color cognition. It infers how the relevant works form four core creative paths: the construction of color harmony, the structural expression of color, the emotional projection of color, and the coordination between brushwork and color. On this basis, it analyzes the color expression forms and values of his painting language. Therefore, the color expression paths in Cézanne’s works—including independent form divorced from figurative imitation, pictorial structure based on geometric order, and expressive function carrying subjective emotion—have not only promoted the development of color language in modern oil painting, but also exerted a profound influence on later artists in his understanding and application of color expression forms.